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红山文化古玉十二字鉴真法
Hongshan culture玉器jade十二字鉴真法Twelve word distinguishing method
(任南著)(RenNaZhu)
“净、熟、肥、透、葬、孔、坑、缩、次、过、浆、神”"Clean, ripe, fertilizer, thoroughly, was buried, holes, pit, shrinkage, times, too, pulp, god"
对红山文化没有定论的定论才是对红山文化崇敬！There was no conclusion of hongshan culture of hongshan culture is the verdict reverence!
研究红山文化与泛红山文化不要受限于任何学说与文化的紧固 !Researching hong shan culture and extensive hong shan culture don't limited by any theory and cultural fastening!
看净观熟知肥透，红山葬气有土香。See through, known as fat net view hongshan buried gas have soil incense.孔坑缩次写沧桑过度包浆悟神光。Hole hole shrinkage time to write a vicissitudes excessive patina enlightenment persuasive. 红山古玉的神韵之美应体现在鬼斧神工之态不仅要能看出红山古玉其气势、其内涵、其精神、其天人合一。The beauty of the verve of hongshan dynasty.i'm engrave should be embodied in the state should not only can see hongshan dynasty.i'm its imposing manner is, its connotation, its spirit, its syncretic.更要通其性、会其神,是为“心赏”!The more to pass the sex, will the god, was for "heart rewards"! 仿品袭其技,真品通其神。Imitation is tasted incoming its skill, genuine tong its god.不在识其技，在乎通其神。In general the skill, care about tong its god.这也正是任氏古玉12字鉴真法中没有谈“工”的原因。This is the tang gu yu 12 word distinguishing method in not talk about "work" reason.
土古玉自然态表象中蕴函的“12字”特征，会因地域地层和在土中埋藏的时间区别而具有千姿百态的表现，故此“12字”只能在此做浅略阐述，以力图给古玉??藏爱好者一个鉴别真伪的理路。Soil natural state of aggregates dynasty.i'm representation letter of 12 "characters" features and because of regional strata and buried in the dust of time difference and have 1000 appearance the performance, therefore "12 word" only in this paper to do shallow slightly tried to give a true bogus dynasty.i'm collect lover to identify the concept.
(十二法总结了古玉典型特征.而古玉在自然界中变化无穷其表象也千差万别故十二法只可参考理解,以偏概全是大忌以偏概全难窥全豹.............不可被框住手脚!)(twelve method are summarized. And typical dynasty.i'm dynasty.i'm in nature changes its appearance also differ in thousands ways so twelve method can only reference understanding, biased is difficult to generalize the big peep the whole sceneries... not be box live hands and feet!)
大家从己知的工,沁,形,神,料来鉴别古玉方法可取,但造假者也从这几方面着手,这就增加了辩伪难度,辩玉器新老应探索研究玉表工上自然态质变,先断新老再来区分年代.对一些器物的造型,没有见过不能说它不存在或是假的.我们不可能指挥先祖按我们认为对的型制去加工一件玉器,中华文化高深莫测,不是我们这一代人就能搞明白的,对于这众多大洪水的各种传说，考究其历史，都可以追溯到1.2万年以前，刚好在冰河结束时期，这使我们对这些传说无法掉以轻心仅视为神话或多事的臆测了。Everyone from already known wage-earners, form, work, god, material to identify dynasty.i'm method pleasant, but also from this several forgers aspects, this increases the pseudo difficulty, divides divides jade new old should explore research work on natural jade table modal quality, first break to distinguish between the old and new again. For some shape of, have not seen cannot say that it does not exist or is false. We can't command according to our ancestors thought right type system to processing one jade, Chinese culture and profound, not our generation can get understand, for this many of the great flood various legend, fastidious, its history can be traced back to 1.2 million years ago, just on glaciers end period, which brings us to these legends cannot take lightly only as myth or eventful guesswork.同时这也证明了人类远在1.2万年前就有“历史”，而且较红山文化(8000-4000)年前甚至比今日更发达。At the same time it also proved that humans have 1.2 million years ago have "history", and is the hongshan culture (8000-40) years ago or even more developed than today.三星堆的器物二十年代就已出现,而当时全部被专家定论为臆造,但现在事实证明当时的判断是不对的.红山文化也是如此,红山文化前文化更是如此.而一个好的藏家只有具备全方面的知识和经验,对一件玉器的鉴别失误才能少.Sanxingdui the implements of the twenties already appeared, which was all experts were verdict for YiZao proved at that time, but now the judgment is wrong. The hongshan culture also is so, especially the hongshan culture former culture, and a good collectors, only to have all the aspects of knowledge and experience, a work of error can be less identification of jade.
古玉器的次生变化，是指古玉埋藏在地下数千年之后，由于埋藏条件时的水文地球化学条件（地下水的化学成份、PH值、水的充足量等）变化导至玉体整体或局部变软,质变与色的改变也是在玉软前题下发生的,古玉的矿物成份发生化学的、物理的作用，使原先的古玉由于这种作用而导致古玉的矿物成份发生了质的变化。Ancient jade of secondary changes, it is to point to dynasty.i'm buried in underground thousands of years after the burial condition of hydrogeochemical conditions (groundwater chemical ingredients, PH value, water quantity etc) plenty of changes to lead to the county whole or local become soft, qualitative change and the color change is in the jade soft before problem occurred under, dynasty.i'm mineral elements produce chemical, physical function, make the original dynasty.i'm due to this effect caused dynasty.i'm mineral elements happened a qualitative change.或者保持原来的矿物成份或者形成另一种次生矿物 .Or keeping the original mineral elements or to create another kind of secondary minerals.古玉的次生变化是与地下水的PH值、浸泡时间、水量的充足有密切关系.我国地域广宽，各地出土的古玉矿物成分不同，因所埋藏地的水文.地质化学成份的不同。The secondary dynasty.i'm changes with the groundwater PH value, soaking time, water enough. Our country is closely related to the regional wide, each district unearthed dynasty.i'm mineral composition is different, because of the hydrological buried. Geological chemical composition of different.因此，大千世界中古玉的次生变化会因岁月的变化而显现出千姿百态的容颜，形成的次生矿物与质变也会有所不同，但其工上自然态质变机理是相同的.对一件古玉的鉴别不能只认个别阶段的体表特征,因古玉从深坑到脱胎它的变化是无穷的,必须了解体会全过程才能对其做到辨别无误. 古玉器的鉴真 不可瞎子摸象.不可只知其然.不知其所以然.充分自我融入自然.了解体会自然.大千世界变化无限.这无限中去了解自然规律.一件玉器要根据表层信息来判断其成因和对应成因的应有状态是否符合工上自然态质变规律.Therefore, diverse world medieval jade secondary change will disappear with the changes in the show various appearance, formation of secondary mineral and qualitative change would differ, but its work in natural state qualitative change mechanism are the same. Something for identification of not only know dynasty.i'm individual stage of the body surface characteristics, because dynasty.i'm from the pit to changed its change is boundless, we must know the whole of its experience can identify and correct. Ancient jade do not touch the distinguishing. Not only blind as law concering. Do not know its full self into the nature. This concourse. Understand experience natural. Diverse world changes this unlimited in infinite. To know nature. One jade according to the superficial information to judge its causes and corresponding causes the proper state whether to conform to the work in the natural modal qualitative change rule.土古玉器的次生变化是与地下水的PH值、浸泡时间、水量的充足有密切关系.玉器有色变无减缩态,玉器色变轻端多土中朝下-----封闭的泥中产生一个稳定的环境,外界挠动对其相对上半部松土部位小.The ancient jade soil secondary changes with the groundwater PH value, soaking time, water sufficient have affinity. Jade non-ferrous change without shrinkage state, jade color lighter soil under the sino-korean more - closed mud produced in a stable environment, outside of its relatively flexible dynamic fertilizsr upper part is small.玉器有失色减缩且有明显界线与台阶的沁态,玉器失色减缩端多土中朝下因,表土层干燥地水挠动质变(由内而外)所至.Jade has overshadowed shrinkage-reducing and have obvious boundaries and steps of ooze state, jade blank shrinkage-reducing end more sino-korean by soil and dry ground water topsoil nao dynamic qualitative change (character-based) resulted.
我国地域广宽，各地出土的古玉矿物成分不同，因所埋藏地的水文.地质化学成份的不同。Our country region wide, each district unearthed dynasty.i'm mineral composition is different, because of the hydrological buried. Geological chemical composition of different.因此，大千世界中古玉的次生变化会因岁月的变化而显现出千姿百态的容颜，形成的次生矿物与质变也会有所不同，但其工上自然态质变机理是相同的.对一件古玉的鉴别不能只认个别时段的体表特征,因古玉从生坑到脱胎的变化是无穷的,必须了解体会全过程才能对其做到辨别无误. 古玉器的鉴真 不可瞎子摸象.不可只知其然.不知其所以然.充分自我融入自然.了解体会自然.大千世界变化无限.这无限中去了解自然规律.工上自然态质变是辨别真伪的关键!Therefore, diverse world medieval jade secondary change will disappear with the changes in the show various appearance, formation of secondary mineral and qualitative change would differ, but its work in natural state qualitative change mechanism are the same. Something for identification of not only know dynasty.i'm individual period of time, because the body surface features dynasty.i'm emerged from birth to changes in the pit is boundless, and must understand the whole of its experience can identify and correct. Ancient jade do not touch the distinguishing. Not only blind as law concering. Do not know its full self into the nature. This concourse. Understand experience natural. Diverse world changes this unlimited in infinite. To know nature. Work in natural state the authenticity of the qualitative change is key!一件玉器要根据其土中埋藏方位所产生的表层信息来判断其成因和对应成因的应有状态是否符合工上自然态质变规律,以偏概全是大忌以偏概全难窥全豹.One jade should follow the soil bury in the azimuth generated by superficial information to judge its causes and corresponding causes the proper state whether to conform to the work in the natural modal qualitative change rule, biased is difficult to generalize the big peep the whole sceneries.
任南“古玉器十二字鉴真法”As the south "ancient jade twelve word distinguishing method"
1.净：因土古玉表泌出浆层的包裹,在玉体周身便会形成一层与外界土壤之间的隔膜物质呈壳状半透明紧裹状态且内质呈凝脂态有胶冻感，其表面浆层由如风干的白菜呈包裹态,浆壳表层反光呈散漫光,土古玉器在包裹态浆壳的保护下产生这种视觉净感，真土古多表现为虽有土浆却不显脏烂，玉器在土中必有阴阳方位,入色质变必有入门即玉不软沁色不入.浆层的厚度与方位有直接关系.一件玉器要根据因土中阴阳方位之故形成的表层信息来判断其成因和对应成因的应有状态是否符合工上自然态质变规律!1. Net: because soil dynasty.i'm table secrete pulp out layer packages, in the county general will form a layer of soil with the outside the diaphragm material is between KeZhuang translucent is tightly wrap state and vacuolized ningzhi state has a rubber frozen sense, its surface plasma layer by such as air drying of cabbage is wrapped slurry state, the shell is lax light, reflective surface soil ancient jade in the parcel modal pulp shells under the protection of the produce this kind of visual sense, true soil net ancient much performance is though soil slurry did not show soil lousy, jade in the soil, the color will Yin and Yang azimuth qualitative change will not soft introductory namely jade color does not enter the slurry wage-earners. The thickness and azimuth has a direct relation. One jade according to soil Yin and Yang orientation for the reason of formation superficial information to judge its causes and corresponding causes the proper state whether to conform to the work in the natural modal qualitative change rule!而仿品则多呈现表层非解理态无紧缩感且脏、烂、模糊之状。And imitation products are more toward the surface the cleavage state without tightening feeling and dirty, rotten, fuzzy of shape.
2.熟：土古玉器整体因水.时间和地热、地压.地层的深度等物化的作用,外部物质顺晶格进入填充其间,折光律发生变化使玉器整体或因土中方位之故局部会变软而产生的一种质的变化多产生失色,失透与凝脂感，玉器整体呈现水充盈状态感由如煮熟的萝卜，经电子扫描测试，其含水量明显高于生玉。2. Ripe: soil ancient jade overall because water. Time and geothermal, pressure. The strata of physical function, such as depth foreign material along the lattice into filling meantime, refractive law changes make jade overall or because soil teasing of local Chinese bits will soften and produce a germplasm changes more produce blank, lost through and coagulate fat feeling, jade whole present water filling state feeling by such as cooked radish, the electronic scanning test, its moisture content is obviously higher than born jade.此特征要注意区分老料仿品，老料仿品表层状态无对应内质质变。This feature must distinguish old material copy is tasted, old material copy product surface condition no corresponding vacuolized qualitative change.
3.肥：真土古玉器显现的肥油状物质(解理)多存在于透闪石材质的玉器中，解理其表象与原材质有明显色差，其所处部位应与玉体存在明显凸起或凹陷，边缘清晰且带沟槽，立体电子显微镜下观察此种特征尤为明显，肥油状部位透光率明显高于其他部位。3. Fat: true soil ancient jade manifestations of fat oil of substance (cleavage) exists in through flash stone qualitative jade wares, cleavage its representation and the original material has clear off color, its place with county obvious part should be raised or depression, edge clear and with grooves, three-dimensional electronic microscope such characteristics particularly obvious, fat oil shape parts transmittance significantly higher than other sites.而仿品多用含有白色油状物的钾长石或滑石仿制，其料质极软.And imitation products containing white oil multi-purpose the tvashtar potash feldspar or talc, its material qualitative modelled extremely soft.
4.透：因地质原因，土中阴阳方位之故,某些坑口的土古玉器会因水与各种土中物质由微孔,裂隙进入其内填充晶格间隙呈现整体胶冻质的透光感.或因水融失色，有些也表层为局部不规则斑块状透明和失透感，此种透明不是玻璃般的通透感。4. Through: because of geological reason, soil, some teasing of Yin and Yang azimuth of ancient jade pithead soil for water and various soil substances by micro hole, crack into inside lattice gap presented integral glue filler frozen qualitative pervious to light feeling. Or because water melts blank, some also surface for local irregular plaques form transparent and lost through feeling, this kind of transparent not glassy feel fully.土古玉因外界物质充填晶格间使质变失去原有透明度----失透-熟,而酸腐玉器的透度过匀过透内无质色和胶冻感。Soil dynasty.i'm because foreign materials filling the lattice that qualitative change between losing its transparency - lost through - ripe, and SuanFu jade to penetrate through without ever spent well within the qualitative color and glue frozen sense.
5.葬：真土古玉器的葬香味，因其埋藏年代特别久远，故大多表现为相对单一的土香味，而年代越靠后的葬玉则有明显的墓葬味。5. Buried: true ancient jade of soil buried fragrance, because of its special embedding age old, so most was relatively single soil, and the fragrance of the jade is buried by have obvious burials flavour.浅土层器物因经地表水长期冲刷，其土香味则几乎散发尽，故难以嗅到，用老坑土熏蒸的仿品也 有其葬味，但此种仿品的葬香味与真品相比，存留时间短，易淡退。Shallow soil erosion by surface water because of long-term artifacts, its soil fragrance is almost sends out completely, so difficult to smell, with older pit soil fumigation imitation of the product also has its buried flavour, but this copy of product was buried aromas and genuine, compared to residue time short and easy to pale back.
6.孔：这里所说之“孔”专指目测不能观察到的细微孔洞。6. Hole: here said the "hole" shall mean the visual cannot observe the nuances of the hole.土古玉器上的自然态微孔孔型为不规则型或几何型，孔边沿部位会下陷或翘起。Ancient jade on soil natural modal microporous semi-ellipse for irregular type or geometric model, hole edge part will cave or cocked up.因孔洞内易积水，必导致土壤中物质色素顺孔而入聚积，久而久之，以孔与孔底为中心点内质有色变向四周晕散现象，形成由孔底呈由内而外的质变且变软融缩并在外表层残留同质岛型凸点，玉质也会在晕散区产生质变，这质变由内部向外展开.由如烂心萍果态.孔壁内多见支撑状晶簇，孔底也常见次生物或微小磁性铁珠附着.且有古菌丝生成。Within easy seeper, because holes will lead to soil substances in the pigment shun holes and into the buildup, as time passes, with holes and the hole bottom for vacuolized non-ferrous change to center around dizzy medicinal powder phenomenon, by the hole is formed by inside and the qualitative change and become soft melt outer surface residual generation homogeneous island type protruding point, the quality of the jade will also be dizzy medicinal powder produced qualitative change, this area by internal to launch outwardly qualitative change by like rotten heart ping. Fruit condition. Hole wall inside see more support shape crystal cluster, the hole is also common times creature or tiny magnetic iron bead attachment. And ancient hyphae formation.而带孔老料仿品其孔口边缘与玉表多处于同一水平面且孔口变形，且孔边缘显现为非自然态多无色质变化。And with a hole old material copy is tasted its orifice edges and jade table much been at the same level and orifice deformation, and hole edge appeared as unnatural modal more qualitative change colorless.
7、 坑：坑需借助高倍立体电子显微镜观察，土古玉器自然态沁坑其边缘凹凸立体感强，如山峦起伏，有层次,边缘多为下陷或上翘，坑内有坑且有老土浆紧咬坑底，呈梯田状.柴裂态,边缘清晰，坑内与坑外相比，坑内解理态质变与色变应明显,呈脉象和晶体状且多有吐灰现象，少数坑壁与坑底也有鸡爪状晶体。7, pit: pit need by electron microscopy, three-dimensional at high magnification, the ancient jade natural modal wage-earners soil pit its edge bump stereoscopic effect, such as mountainous and have arrangement, edge more for depression or become warped on, the pit pit and a cliche pulp in the den, gritted a terrace shape. Wood crack state, the edge is clear, the pit and hole, compared with pit cleavage modal qualitative change color change should obviously, show the pulse condition and crystal shape and many vomit ash phenomenon, a few pit wall with den also have chicken ungual state crystals.观其5平方毫米显微图象，即可显现对应材质质变形成的脉络，坑的分布应对应其在土中方位.而非自然态坑无以上表象，且坑口边缘与玉体表面处于同一水平面且分布过均无凹陷,坑形等状态坑底非质变色。View its 5 square millimeter microscopic images, can appear corresponding material qualitative formed context, the distribution of pit in the soil should Chinese bits. Instead of natural modal pit no representation, and above pithead edges and county surface have been at the same level and distribution are of no sag, pits den not photo-chromic such status.
8.缩：真土古玉器表层因水融蚀会导致玉体体积局部或整体变软呈减缩其减缩区多对应硬质残留和原质残留,硬质残留呈解理态如骸晶,而原质残留多呈岛状 ，减缩区分布现象的观察必须注意考虑玉体在土中的埋藏朝下方位或水融严重部位如裂处.玉器单薄与边缘和孔洞沁门处,减缩部位必有对应色与质的内质改变,缩部色变重的多存在明显界线与台阶且呈随型包裹态表(表土层干燥地水挠动质变,质变由内而外所至.).生坑态时吐灰区对应减缩区.整体水融减缩部分的光滑度明显高于其他位置呈包裹态壳状；8. Suo: true ancient jade surface soil erosion can cause because water melts partial or whole curtained room size is reduced its shrinkage-reducing soften horniness residue and corresponding area much collagen residual, hard as a skeleton, residual cleavage modal wafer, and collagen residue is shown more island shape, shrinkage-reducing area distribution phenomenon observed must pay attention to consider the county in the soil buried down azimuth or water melts serious parts such as crack place. Jade thin and edges and holes ooze door part, shrinkage-reducing parts will be corresponding color with qualitative vacuolized change, shrinkage colour weight more obvious with the steps and in line with the type of packages state list (dry ground water flexible dynamic topsoil qualitative change and qualitative change by inside and outside disturb.). Born pit state vomit grey area corresponding shrinkage-reducing area. The whole water melts shrinkage-reducing part is obviously higher than other position the smoothness of a parcel modal KeZhuang;土古玉器经盘摸，表层解理会出现团状回缩态（此现象盘前盘后的表象在显微镜下观察团状回缩态变化尤为明显），仿品表面缩的部分没有相对应的内质质变和对应的清晰边缘。Ancient jade disk touches the soil surface solution, ignore appear round state retraction state (this phenomenon plate after QianPan appearance under a microscope observers shape retraction state change particularly obvious), copy product surface shrinkage of part does not have corresponding vacuolized qualitative change and the corresponding clear edge.
9.次：原玉器主体后天之工上自然态质变均为次.土古玉器的表层自然态质变会产生多种形态,多为目测很难观查到的凸凹次生物,多呈团状、山脉状解理态,次生物形态要对应其材质结构.如透闪石和蛇纹石其组成的成份是不同的故它的凸显解理也是不同的.而这凸凹次生物的分布和产生必须符合其土中方位.沁门点.和外部条件造成内质质变的成因。9 times: the original jade subject of acquired work in natural state practices are times. Soil ancient jade surface natural modal qualitative change will produce in various forms, more difficult for visual observation to the concavo-convex times biological, many memorials round state, mountain range shape cleavage state, biological form corresponding to The Times. If materials structure through flash stone and serpentine its constituent components are different so it highlights cleavage are also different. And this concavo-convex times of biological distribution and produce must comply with its soil Chinese bits. Ooze door. And external conditions caused vacuolized qualitative changes cause.如水融减缩会现内质硬质解理如骸晶.(骸晶英文名称skeleton crystalLike water melts shrinkage-reducing will now vacuolized hard cleavage such as crystal wafer. (skeleton skeleton better standed English names晶体crystal生长过程中，沿着角顶或晶棱方向生长特别迅速，从而形成晶面中心相对凹陷的结晶骨架，称骸晶。Growth process, along the top or crystal arris direction Angle, forming a rapidly growing special orb center the crystallization of relative sag, says skeleton, crystal skeleton.骸晶常呈漏斗状、树枝状、羽毛状等形态。Skeleton, crystal often with a funnel-shaped, dentrites, quilted etc form.如雪花就是冰的骸晶。As the snowflake is ice crystal skeleton.骸晶主要是在溶质供应很不充足的条件下形成的)而同质岛状残留多为土中上方最早失水部位.原玉器主体后天之工上自然态质变还会产生融合物及随形包裹态隐形和浅表多层错位且边缘整齐清晰的开裂,和非直线曲痕.而裂的表象需要符合其成因,裂口向两侧有色和质变且呈开口态必是土中因素造成,裂痕中多有二氧化硅晶状溢出呈长合态.而古玉因地层环境变化,会造成无沁色浅表层包裹态随形开裂,其因多为玉器在土中下端水的因素而造成松软,由于土中水分快速减少或清洗玉器包裹层过快时,导至其内部应力快速失压造成无色浅表层包裹态随形蝇翅状开裂。Crystal is mainly congregated in the solute supply is not sufficient conditions forming) and homogeneous island shape for the earliest residual soil lantau island. The original jade dehydrate parts subject of acquired work in natural state qualitative still can produce fusion objects and conformal parcel modal stealth and superficial multilayer dislocation and edge tidy clear craze, and non linear curve mark. And crack representation needs to accord with its origin, gap to the side and non-ferrous and qualitative change and is open mode is soil factors, crack many of silica crystallin overflow is more close condition. But because of strata environmental variation, dynasty.i'm will cause no ooze color JianBiaoCeng parcel modal commits any more conformal craze, for the jade in soils below the water factor and cause loose, because soil moisture quickly reduce or cleaning jade wrapped layer too quickly, leading to the internal stress caused by rapid voltage-absent JianBiaoCeng parcel colorless conformal flies modal separation of craze.玉表次生物与玉体应存在明显界线和沟槽呈融化态.次生物分布与出灰点对应内质质变部位，在显微镜下所显现的颜色色彩斑斓，即使在一平方毫米的区域内也是如此，而仿品上的所谓次生则无根无沟槽，边缘模糊，凸起物周身包裹,形状与层次单调.凸起点并非对应内质结构的质变处,多等高度附着在同一平面上。Jade table times should be obvious biological and county boundaries and groove is melting state. Times biological distribution and the gray dot corresponding vacuolized qualitative change place, under the microscope appears colors glow, even in a square millimeter area also is so, and copy the so-called secondary is tasted no root no groove, edge blur, convex objects general package, shape and hierarchical drab. Convex point not corresponding vacuolized structure of qualitative change place, many altitude adhere to the same plane.不掌握真品自然态微坑特征是区分不了酸腐坑孔的.Don't grasp the authentic natural modal crater feature is the difference between not SuanFu pit hole.
10.过：土古玉器的“过”渡.必须注重其在土中的埋藏方位和入沁之沁门，处于土层最下端水浸蚀时间最长，故其质变最严重呈失透失色态，玉软沁方入，形成表层减缩态.且表层沁蚀对应内质有质变与色变向上或以沁门为中心渐变向外扩散呈包裹状：也有外部物质顺微孔进入产生由内而外的渐变,色与质变也有随裂和孔为中心向外扩散且呈三色过渡状且呈胶冻感。10. The ancient jade: soil "of" du. Must pay attention to its location and the buried in soil into the door, in wage-earners wage-earners soil water erosion most below the longest, it is the most serious is lost through qualitative change blank state, jade, forming soft ooze square into surface shrinkage-reducing modal. And surface erosion correspond wage-earners vacuolized have qualitative change and the color change upward or for the center with ooze door to spread outside a gradient package shape: also have external material shun microporous into produced by inside and the gradient, color and qualitative change also have with crack and hole as the center to spread outside and are tri-state color transition form and a rubber frozen sense.并少数在方位下端质变失色处伴有腐蚀质有机炭沁入（多呈以失色部位为起点依器表同状态开口且边口色清晰）微缩端且有随型硬质解理显现.古玉的次生变化是与地下水的PH值、浸泡时间、水量的充足有密切关系.玉器有色变减缩态而无台阶,其因玉器色变轻端多土中朝下(封闭的泥中产生一个稳定的环境)在方位下端（多呈周身同状态边口色清晰裂） ,外界挠动对其相对上半部松土部位小.。And a few lower qualitative change in position with qualitative organic corrosion blank place unrecoginized (more carbon is to blank parts as a starting point in the table with state openings and side to mouth color clear) miniature end and with the type of rigid cleavage appeared. Dynasty.i'm secondary changes with the groundwater PH value, soaking time, water sufficient have affinity. Jade non-ferrous variable shrinkage-reducing state without the steps, commits any jade color lighter with soil under (closed sino-korean mud produce a stable environment) in lower (a general location with state edge mouth color clear bifida), outside of its relatively flexible dynamic upper part small fertilizsr..而老料带沁仿品，色的分布无对应内外质变的方位感 ，观其表层沁蚀程度与内质质变不对应，其色含糊不清无三色胶冻感过渡.表象的色和质变非渐变包裹状。And the old strip ooze imitation is tasted, color distribution of internal and external qualitative changes without corresponding FangWeiGan, view its surface corrosion degree and vacuolized wage-earners qualitative change don't correspond, its color slurred without tricolor glue frozen sense transition. Representation of the color and qualitative change the gradient parcel shape.
11.浆：土古玉器的泌浆层用手推摸其表面，有如同推干肥皂时的感觉，阻而不黏，老土浮浆层去掉后古玉有自身泌出浆的固化包裹层---浆之皮壳和石之解理态皮壳两态.总之有壳感且光为浆层反光呈全包裹散漫状.而仿品之光为抛光产生的玉表反光且死角抛光盲区无光, 浅地表玉器多因风沙的作用对渐露地表之物进行了自然抛光故所现光感与大漠玉石风砂抛光同理!11. Pulp: soil ancient jade of lactation plasma layer by hand touching the surface, has pushed as push dry soap when feeling, resistance and not sticky, vulgar floating cement layer removed dynasty.i'm has own secrete pulp out the curing wrapped slurry layer - the husk and stone's cleavage modal husk two states. In short a shell feeling and light for a whole package slurry layer reflective rambling shape. And imitation is light for polishing produce jade table reflective and blind Angle, shallow surface polishing blind area light sand role for more jade to gradually dew surface polishing the natural things are now light sensors and therefore desert jade wind sand polishing empathy!土古玉之光为泌出浆层之反光,浅表地层玉器之光为风砂抛光即玉石解理面之表光!Soil dynasty.i'm light for secrete pulp out the glistening, superficial layer formation of light for wind sand jade jade cleavage surface polishing namely the table light!两者光的反射基面是不同的!Both light reflection matrix surface is different!故光感不可两者相比!So light sensor not both compared!土古玉之光其反光基面(浆层之光)与仿制工艺品(玉表反光)反光基面是不同的.故其光感是不同的. 仿品做皮用手推之则多为滑腻感，因为目前仿品多用注蜡法仿制浆层。The light of the soil dynasty.i'm reflective base plane (plasma layer of light) and generic handicrafts (jade table reflective) reflective projection planes are different. Because of its light sensor is different. Imitation is tasted do hand on the skin is much sense for satiny, because the current copy product multi-purpose note wax method generic plasma layer.真品浆层如同糖葫芦外面的糖壳，质密而透明，有些真品固化了的浆壳表层上还会产生自然皱褶和非直线性纹脉.且出灰浆对应质变沁残点。Genuine plasma layer as the sugar gourd outside shell, qualitative close and transparent, some genuine solidified shell surface slurry still can produce natural creases and non linear sex veins. And the corresponding qualitative ooze residual point mortar.泌灰浆与酸烧反白其底显微镜下其晶格是有区别的!Secrete mortar and acid burning against the white its bottom microscope its lattice is a difference!生坑古玉用60度热水清洗后数秒钟后吐白色灰浆.如同倒在水泥地上风干后的牛奶状.钻孔中产生的灰浆壳因出土后风干会形成脱骨状壳圈.自然??生坑古玉出灰浆点为非规律外形.且灰浆厚端对应内质失色和失透并伴有同态边囗清晰包裹状腐蚀质有机炭沁入.(坑状过于规律且出灰与土中方位沁蚀不对应者要提防)Born in 60 degrees dynasty.i'm pit water after cleaning a number of seconds after vomit white mortar cement floor. As fall in dried milk shape. Drilling generated in mortar shells because after drying will form the unearthed from bone tubular shell circle. Natural modal born pit dynasty.i'm not rule out mortar points for appearance. And mortar thick end corresponding vacuolized blank and lost through accompanied by homomorphic edge kou clear qualitative organic carbon corrosion package shape unrecoginized. (pit shape too the rule and the ash and soil erosion not wage-earners Chinese a response to be wary of)
12.神：即“神韵” 古玉器的神韵体现在圆满与鬼斧神工之态.“神”在十二个字中是最重要的圆满与鬼斧神工之概念，其主体凝聚了天地之灵.祖先视玉品为人与灵界沟通的载体方去琢之且圆满.而仿制品为急功近利之物让人感觉形似而神不在。12. God: namely "charm" ancient jade verve embodied in perfect and uncanny workmanship of tai. "god" in twelve word is the most important completeness and engrave concept, the main body of the condensed the world of spirits. Ancestors depending on the jade product man and spiritual communication carrier fong go to cut the and satisfactory. And imitations thought pushing things make people feel shape and god is not in.玉器新老鉴别一定要观察物件本身的神韵。Jade new old identify must observe object itself verve.你没有接触过真古玉器之前，可能会认为这“神”是虚的，可是当你将真古玉器与仿古玉器一对比，便会发现其神韵的不同.这个“神”要靠你心灵与多年的收藏经验去感悟了。You have no contact with real ancient jade, before may think this "god" is worthless, but when you will really ancient jade and archaize jade contrast, can discover the verve of different. The "god" is dependent on your mind and years of experience to comprehend the collection.
前述12字概念是从大量的古玉中概括出来的，12字的概念不论哪一种类型的古玉，都有一些共同的要素和各自的特殊要素，有意识地从这些要素或特征去分析不同类型的古玉，进而对概念进行综合分析、比较、运用，是真正理解和运用12字概念的必要步骤。The foregoing 12 words from a lot of dynasty.i'm concept in from the description, 12 words concept no matter what kind of gu yu, there are some common elements and their special elements, consciously from these elements or features to analyze the different types of gu yu, then the concept of integrated analysis, comparison, apply, it is truly understand and use the concept of 12 word necessary steps.
一、12字概念结构中的共同基本要素A, 12 words concept structure of common basic elements
12字概念结构中包括三个共同基本要素：表象、背景、结果。12 word concept structure includes three common basic elements: representation, background, the results.（一）表象：即把我们看到的古玉的特征从不同的侧面进行描述；(a) representation: namely we see dynasty.i'm features from different sides described;（二）背景：背景要素是从原因(如直接与间接、表面与根本、内部与外部等)、条件(必要性与可能性、物理与化学、地质与自然等)来分析红山古玉发生变化的种种因果关系；(2) background: background elements from the reasons (such as direct and indirect, surface with the ultimate, inside and outside, etc.), conditions (necessity and possibility, physics and chemistry, geological and nature, etc) to analyze the various changes hongshan dynasty.i'm causality,（三）结果：即对红山古玉的评价及实质(或性质、本质)定义。(3) results: namely hongshan dynasty.i'm for evaluation and essence (or nature, nature) definition.
二、12字概念结构中的特殊要素Second, 12 words concept structure of the special elements
12字概念结构中的特殊要素可按不同的类型区分：“质变”体现为“过程”要素；12 the special word concept structure elements can be made according to different types of distinction: "qualitative" embodied in the "process" elements;“自然态”体现为“经历”要素；"Natural state" embodied in the "experience" element,“神”体现为“内容”要素；"God" embodied in the "content" element,“表象”体现为“状况”要素。"Appearance" embodied in the "conditions" elements.每一个特殊要素都可以再细分为若干要素。Each particular elements can is subdivided into several elements.
12字概念由实物概念与理论概念组成。12 word concept by physical concepts and theoretical concept composition.实物概念按照古玉本身的特征都努力采用一个字进行了高度的、准确的描述。Physical concept in accordance with the characteristics are hard dynasty.i'm itself by a word to the height, accurate description.理论概念是按照所涉及的学科性质，如地质、物理、化学、地矿学以及时间与空间、历史、地理等这些学科综合性的知识与概念来共同对红山古玉进行???究与阐述。Theoretical concept is involved in accordance with the nature of course, such as geology, physics, chemistry, geoscientific learn and time and space, history, geography, such as comprehensive subject knowledge and concepts to jointly study of hongshan dynasty.i'm and explained.
三、12字的总体结构及排列顺序的涵义Three, 12 words of the general structure and the permutation order of meaning
12字的总体结构及排列顺序，具有极其深刻的涵义，12字鉴别方法，把“净”字排在了第一，是非常有道理的。The general structure and the 12 word permutation order, has the extremely profound implication, 12 words identification method, the "clean" word row at first, is very reasonable.一件红山古玉上手，第一关就要过“净”字。One hongshan dynasty.i'm surrendering, first close to "clean" word. 过关时，第一关至关重要，第一关过不去就不可能再过后面的关了，而“净”字恰恰是仿红山古玉的死穴，仿古必要做旧，做旧“净”则不存。Nevertheless, the first hurdle is essential, the first hurdle impassable can no longer after the closed, and "clean" word just is imitated hongshan dynasty.i'm dead burrows, archaize necessary to do old, do old "clean" is not complete.这里的“净”如同人的气质，是内在的表现，是仿不出来的。Here the "net" as a man's temperament, is the inner performance, is imitated out.我们鉴别红山古玉时往往忽略了这至关重要的第一关。We identify when hongshan dynasty.i'm often overlooked this crucial first stage.
过了第一关，下面的熟、肥、透、葬、孔、坑、缩、次、过、浆便可依次观察，注意各个字之间在同一红山古玉上的共存性，同时性以及相互呼应的特征。Through the first stage, the following ripe, fertilizer, thoroughly, was buried, holes, pit, shrinkage, times, and plasma can be ordinal observe, notice each word in the same hongshan dynasty.i'm between the GongCunXing, simultaneity and mutual echo characteristics.12字所描述的12个特征不是孤立存在的。12 words described 12 characteristic not exist alone.这是应用12字鉴别红山古玉的灵魂，现在仿品可以仿出其中的一个字甚至多个字，尤其是利用老料做仿的，但12个字的在同一红山古玉上的共存性，同时性以及相互呼应的特征是仿不出来的。This is used to identify 12 word hongshan dynasty.i'm soul, now imitation is tasted can copy out one word even more than words, especially using old material do imitated, but 12 words in the same hongshan dynasty.i'm GongCunXing on, at the same time sex and mutual echo feature is imitated out.所以不能简单的靠一、两方面的情况就仓促的作出鉴定。So can't simply by one or two aspects of the situation is hasty make appraisal.
最后一关是“神”， 看神韵要以深厚的艺术修养为前提。The final hurdle is "god", see the verve to profound artistic accomplishment for the premise.红山古玉的神韵之美应体现在鬼斧神工之态不仅要能看出红山古玉其气势、其内涵、其精神、其天人合一。The beauty of the verve of hongshan dynasty.i'm engrave should be embodied in the state should not only can see hongshan dynasty.i'm its imposing manner is, its connotation, its spirit, its syncretic.更要通其性、会其神,是为“心赏”!The more to pass the sex, will the god, was for "heart rewards"! 仿品袭其技,真品通其神。Imitation is tasted incoming its skill, genuine tong its god.不在识其技，在乎通其神。In general the skill, care about tong its god.这也正是任氏红山古玉12字鉴定法中没有谈“工”的原因。This is the tang hong shan dynasty.i'm not talk about 12 word methods produced "work" reason.
红山古玉自然态表象中蕴函的“12字”特征，会因地域地层和在土中埋藏的时间区别而具有千姿百态的表现，故此“12字”只能在此做浅略阐述，以力图给红山古玉收藏爱好者一个鉴别真伪的理路。Natural state of hongshan dynasty.i'm representation letter of 12 "word aggregates" features and for regional strata and buried in the dust of time difference and have 1000 appearance the performance, therefore "12 word" only in this paper to do shallow slightly tried to give hongshan dynasty.i'm collect lover to identify the concept of a true bogus.
(工上自然态质变是辨别真伪的关键!十二法总结了古玉典型特征.而古玉在自然界中变化无穷其表象也千差万别故十二法只可参考理解,以偏概全是大忌以偏概全难窥全豹.............不可被框住手脚!)(work in natural state the authenticity of the qualitative change is key! Twelve method are summarized. And typical dynasty.i'm dynasty.i'm in nature changes its appearance also differ in thousands ways so twelve method can only reference understanding, biased is difficult to generalize the big peep the whole sceneries... not be box live hands and feet!)
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